Important theoretical foundations are systematically presented, such as: Phonological Knowledge, Phonetics and Phonematics; the Physiology of hearing; Auditory Perception; the development of the Phonemic Ear and Phonic Analysis; and the conformation of a Phonic Culture, as necessary supports for the development of the phonemic ear in students. Some international practices validated in the laboratory and in the professional praxis of dozens of teachers are explained, as a result of research carried out in master's theses supervised by the author, with the aim of providing new knowledge to managers and teachers to enrich their pedagogical resources for their daily work. The text is of interest to teachers, educational managers, speech therapists, speech therapists, social workers, parents in general with children in early ages.